First-aid and medical treatment injuries: how do they differ?

Q


Most organisations make the distinction between first aid injuries (FAIs) and medical treatment injuries (MTIs). However, AS1885 only defines lost time injuries (LTIs) and non-LTIs. Are FAI and MTI defined in any other Standard? If not, where are these terms defined?

A


As the enquirer correctly points out, AS1885 does not define and distinguish between FAIs and MTIs.


An explanation of these terms could not be located in any other Standard or workers compensation legislation, nor is one offered by the July 1999 publication of National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC) entitled Type of Occurrence Classification System.


Furthermore, while Australia’s Work Health and Safety (WHS) legislation defines when an injury or illness is considered serious, it does not distinguish between FAIs and MTIs.


A sensible explanation comes from Curtin University in Western Australia, which states that “these injury classifications are designed to meet legislative requirements outlined in the OSH Act, OHS Regulations, and AS 1885.1”:


First aid injuries


A first aid injury (FAI) is an injury that requires a single first aid treatment and a follow-up visit for subsequent observation involving only minor injuries (minor scratches, burns, cuts and so forth) which do not ordinarily require medical care, and for which the person would typically return immediately to their normal activities. Such treatment and observation is considered first aid even if it is administered by a physician or registered medical professional.


Typical treatments normally considered as first aid injuries include:


Application of antiseptics during a first visit to medical personnel;

Treatment of minor (first degree) burns;

Application of bandages (including elastic bandages) during a first visit to medical personnel;

Irrigation of eye injuries and removal of non-embedded objects;

Removal of foreign bodies from a wound using tweezers or other simple first aid technique;

Use of non-prescription medication (schedule 2 or 3 medications), and administration of a single dose of prescription medication on a first visit to medical personnel for minor injury or discomfort.

Soaking, application of hot-cold compresses, and use of elastic bandage on sprains immediately after injury (initial treatment only);

Application of ointments for abrasions to prevent drying or cracking;

One time administration of oxygen, for example after exposure to toxic atmosphere; and

Observations of injury during visits to medical personnel, including hospitalisation (for less than 48 hours) for observation only for a blow to the head or abdomen, or exposure to toxic substances.


The following are typical examples of diagnostic/preventive procedures that may also be classified as a first aid injury:


X-ray examination with a negative diagnosis (will be MTI if positive);

Physical examination, if no condition is identified or medical treatment is not administered; and

One time dose of prescribed medication, for example a tetanus Injection or pharmaceutical.


Medical Treatment Injuries


A medical treatment injury (MTI) is defined as an injury or disease that resulted in a certain level of treatment (not first aid treatment) given by a physician or other medical personnel under standing orders of a physician. Types of treatment that classify an injury under MTI are:


Use of prescription medication (schedule 4 or 8 ‘prescription only’ medication), except a single dose administered on a first visit for minor injury or discomfort;

Therapeutic (physiotherapy or chiropractic) treatment, more than once;

Stitches, sutures (including butterfly adhesive dressing in lieu of sutures);

Removal of dead tissue or skin (surgical debridement);

Treatment of infection;

Application of antiseptic during a second or subsequent visit to medical personnel;

Removal of foreign objects embedded in an eye;

Removal of foreign objects embedded in a wound (not small splinters);

Removal of embedded objects from an eye;

Treatment of deep tissue (second or third degree) burns;

Use of hot or cold soaking therapy or heat therapy during the second or subsequent visit to medical personnel;

Positive x-ray diagnosis of fractures, broken bones and etc; or

Admission to hospital or equivalent medical facility for treatment.


This article was originally posted on Workplace OHS a part of NSW Business Chamber – Australian Business Consulting and Solutions has a dedicated team of WHS/OHS experts who can assist you with your specific WHS/OHS issues and problems.

Contact Us

Zenergy News

16 May, 2024
Pete Zmuda- West Gate Tunnel Project
15 May, 2024
Zenergy were proud to host 150 clients at the 2024 Zenergy Leaders forum in Sydney CBD last Thursday. Over breakfast on a wet Thursday morning, the attendees made up of industry leaders and executives, discussed how organisations are identifying, preventing and managing psychological risks, and what best practice looks like in a practical sense. The panel were excellent and we would like to thank them for their contribution. Deloitte Australia's chief human resources officer, Tina McCreery told Zenergy Group's leaders forum in Sydney yesterday that her "big four" accounting firm's new interventions target the risks associated with the way its workers work on both organisational and individual levels, but the strategies for the latter have the greatest impact. She said Deloitte started identifying the psychosocial "hotspots" in its business two years ago, "getting underneath" the day-to-day issues impacting on workers' psychosocial wellbeing. The firm is part of an industry that has been under the spotlight for its culture of overwork, including through an independent review that heard many EY Oceania workers were subjected to "insane pressure" and unreasonable project deadlines (see related article ). McCreery told the forum that at the organisational level, Deloitte carried out engagement surveys, trained partners on mental health and engaged the executive board on these issues. However, the protective measures the company implemented on the ground level, to manage the time workers spend on projects for clients, really made a difference, she said. Deloitte introduced a range of interventions, including steps to determine at the start of an engagement what the project will look like in terms of flexibility needs, hours of work and contact hours, she explained. It leveraged technology to solve some of the issues around the risks, including bots that can identify unreasonable hours and alert workers' "coaches" to step in and check in with an overworking individual "and see what is going on". Other initiatives like "coaching conversations" mean workers are regularly asked how their work is impacting on their wellbeing, and any red flags are "routed to people to step in", McCreery said. The "big shift" resulting from the intervention is that workers now feel comfortable raising psychosocial issues and are aware of all the escalation paths, so they are "putting their hands up much more" when they are not coping. Fellow panellist Louisa Hudson, safety, security and wellbeing executive at Telstra, said companies can strike a good balance between individual and organisational level approaches. She used organisational change as an example of a psychosocial hazard. Organisational measures for this hazard include risk assessing and designing the change, taking into account all the factors that are likely to cause workers harm if it is not managed well, she said. This could include the design of the change, the timeframe, and how the company will communicate with workers. "Then you come down to that individual level and say... How will that change be felt at a local level?" Hudson said. Companies need to consider how to ensure they understand what the vulnerabilities on the individual worker level will be to the change, in terms of things like workload, introduction of new processes, and introduction of new technology, she said. They need to consider what to put in place to mitigate those risks. Further, companies need to ensure they are educating and building the capacity of the workforce to understand the basics of psychosocial risk. David Burroughs, Director at Australian Psychological Services, told the forum that 95 per cent of workers' psychosocial issues can be managed by with good leaders if they can identify the risks involved in the matter, whether they involve things like role clarity, reward and recognition, or role conflict. "The space can be overcomplicated," he said. If companies have leaders who understand what good work looks like, how their behaviour influences people's experience of working, and how to have a conversation around the actual work, they can solve most of the issues at that "localised level", Burroughs said.
22 Apr, 2024
The annual Zenergy Leaders Forum is one of the premier events on the senior health, safety & sustainability calendar in Australia.  This is a non-ticketed invitation only event hosted by Zenergy. Attendee numbers at the Zenergy forum are 150 and will include executive, people and culture directors, CEO, COO and directors of health & safety and HSE personnel. The topic for this year is “Integrated Psychosocial Risk Management”. All of the event information is below and reach out to your account manager at Zenergy for further details.
22 Apr, 2024
This article has been reproduced with permission from OHS Alert, and the original version appears at www.ohsalert.com.au . A commission has cautioned that society's "significantly raised" bar for what constitutes consent for physical interactions is "even higher" in work-related environments, in upholding the summary dismissal of a worker for inappropriately touching a colleague. In Perth, Fair Work Commission Deputy President Melanie Binet said that regardless of the intention of the worker, who claimed he was simply moving his female colleague "out of the way", his conduct was a valid reason for dismissal. Workers should be "on notice" of the increased scrutiny of behaviours, given the extensive social discourse and media coverage on sexual harassment issues, she said. "This is particularly so in the mining industry in Western Australia where a parliamentary inquiry [see related article ] focused community attention on the odious frequency of sexual harassment and assault of women in the mining industry." The Deputy President added that recent amendments to the Commonwealth Fair Work Act 2009 that specifically identify sexual harassment as a valid reason for dismissal (see related article ) "reflect a societal recognition that sexual harassment has no place in the workplace in the same way as violence or theft don't". The worker was an Alcoa of Australia Ltd advanced mechanical tradesperson when he was sacked for inappropriately touching the colleague in an office at Alcoa's Pinjarra Alumina Refinery in September last year. The worker claimed he turned his back to the colleague to squeeze between her and a desk to go to speak to another person and his hands made contact with her lower torso. Afterwards, the colleague's partner entered the office and found her visibly distressed. He confronted the worker, accusing him of grabbing the colleague's buttocks and squeezing it. The issue was escalated, and the worker was summarily dismissed after an investigation concluded he sexually harassed the colleague by making "unwelcomed and socially inappropriate physical contact". Alcoa found the worker breached codes and policies that he had been trained on, which stated that harassment was not determined by the intent of the person who engaged in the conduct but by the impact on the recipient. The worker admitted touching the colleague but claimed this only occurred because the room was crowded. He said he did not intend to behave in a sexual manner and apologised to the colleague as soon as he found out she was upset. He claimed unfair dismissal and sought reinstatement in the FWC. Deputy President Binet found the worker's accounts of the incident were inconsistent, with the parts of the colleague's body that he touched changing in his various statements. She accepted the colleague's evidence that the worker groped her in an "intimate sexual location" and his conduct caused immediate and ongoing effects to her health and wellbeing. The worker could have waited until there was space for him to pass between the desks, requested the colleague to move from the gap or gently touched her arm to get her attention, the Deputy President said. "There was simply no justification for him to turn his back then have his hands at [the colleague's] buttocks level, touch her buttocks and consciously push her out of his way," she said. "I am not convinced that [his] conduct was intended to be entirely without a sexual nature," she concluded. She stressed that even if she was wrong on this point, this type of unwelcome touching could objectively be seen as being capable of making recipients feel offended, humiliated or intimidated. The Deputy President also slammed the worker's representatives for choosing "to follow a well-worn but discredited path of blaming the victim" by accusing the colleague of inviting the "accidental" contact by standing in the narrow walkway. "Women should be able to attend their workplaces without fear of being touched inappropriately," she said in dismissing the worker's case. "It is a sad inditement of the positive work that has been undertaken by employers, unions and regulatory bodies in the mining industry that young women like [the colleague] are still frightened to report incidents of harassment for fear of being ostracised."
22 Apr, 2024
An Afternoon of Fun and Fierce Competition: Our Team's Lawn Bowls Adventure
16 Apr, 2024
Empowering Women in Safety: Insights from the Zenergy Safety Ladies' Lunch
More Posts
Share by: